AI-generated summary
The document discusses operational amplifiers (op-amps) focusing on inverting and non-inverting amplifiers.
1. **Inverting Amplifier**: When the non-inverting terminal is grounded (0 V), the inverting terminal also approximates 0 V due to virtual shorting, leading to a relationship between input and output voltages given by \( V_{out} = -\frac{R_2}{R_1} \times V_i \).
2. **Non-Inverting Amplifier**: Similarly, the relationship for the non-inverting amplifier is \( V_{out} = \frac{R_1 + R_2}{R_2} \times V_i \).
3. **Advantages and Disadvantages**:
- **Inverting Amplifier**:
- Advantages: Low input voltage (close to 0 V), strong noise immunity.
- Disadvantages: Low input impedance, equal to the series resistance at the input.
- **Non-Inverting Amplifier**:
- Advantages: High input impedance.
- Disadvantages: Higher common-mode voltage, weaker noise immunity, requiring a high common-mode rejection ratio.
For applications needing low input impedance and no phase requirements, the inverting amplifier is preferred due to its strong noise immunity and larger input signal range. When designing for the same gain, using smaller resistor values is recommended to minimize input bias current and parasitic capacitance effects.
